using System;

using OpenTK;
using OpenTK.Graphics;
using OpenTK.Graphics.OpenGL;
using OpenTK.Input;

namespace Examples.Tutorial
{

    [Example("Dynamic Vertex Buffer Objects", ExampleCategory.OpenGL, "VBO", Documentation = "DynamicVBO")]
     class T09_VBO_Dynamic: GameWindow
    {
        /// <summary>Creates a 800x600 window with the specified title.</summary>
        public T09_VBO_Dynamic( )
            : base(  800, 600 )
        {
            this.VSync = VSyncMode.Off;
        }

        #region Particles
        const int MaxParticleCount = 1000;
        int VisibleParticleCount;
        VertexC4ubV3f[] VBO = new VertexC4ubV3f[MaxParticleCount];
        ParticleAttribut[] ParticleAttributes = new ParticleAttribut[MaxParticleCount];

        // this struct is used for drawing
        struct VertexC4ubV3f
        {
            public byte R, G, B, A;
            public Vector3 Position;

            public static int SizeInBytes = 16;
        }

        // this struct is used for updates
        struct ParticleAttribut
        {
            public Vector3 Direction;
            public uint Age;
            //  more stuff could be here: Rotation, Radius, whatever
        }

        uint VBOHandle;
        #endregion Particles 

        /// <summary>Load resources here.</summary>
        /// <param name="e">Not used.</param>
        protected override void OnLoad( EventArgs e )
        {
            GL.ClearColor( .1f, 0f, .1f, 0f );
            GL.Enable( EnableCap.DepthTest );
           
            // Setup parameters for Points
            GL.PointSize( 5f );
            GL.Enable( EnableCap.PointSmooth );
            GL.Hint( HintTarget.PointSmoothHint, HintMode.Nicest );

            // Setup VBO state
            GL.EnableClientState( EnableCap.ColorArray );
            GL.EnableClientState( EnableCap.VertexArray );

            GL.GenBuffers( 1, out VBOHandle );

            // Since there's only 1 VBO in the app, might aswell setup here.
            GL.BindBuffer( BufferTarget.ArrayBuffer, VBOHandle );
            GL.ColorPointer( 4, ColorPointerType.UnsignedByte, VertexC4ubV3f.SizeInBytes, (IntPtr) 0 );
            GL.VertexPointer( 3, VertexPointerType.Float, VertexC4ubV3f.SizeInBytes, (IntPtr) (4*sizeof(byte)) );

            Random rnd = new Random( );
            Vector3 temp = Vector3.Zero;
            
            // generate some random stuff for the particle system
            for ( uint i = 0 ; i < MaxParticleCount ; i++ )
            {
                VBO[i].R = (byte) rnd.Next( 0, 256 );
                VBO[i].G = (byte) rnd.Next( 0, 256 );
                VBO[i].B = (byte) rnd.Next( 0, 256 );
                VBO[i].A = (byte) rnd.Next( 0, 256 ); // isn't actually used
                VBO[i].Position = Vector3.Zero; // all particles are born at the origin

                // generate direction vector in the range [-0.1f...+0.1f] 
                // that's slow enough so you can see particles 'disappear' when they are respawned
                temp.X = (float) ( ( rnd.NextDouble( ) - 0.5 ) * 0.2 );
                temp.Y = (float) ( ( rnd.NextDouble( ) - 0.5 ) * 0.2 );
                temp.Z = (float) ( ( rnd.NextDouble( ) - 0.5 ) * 0.2 );
                ParticleAttributes[i].Direction = temp; // copy 
                ParticleAttributes[i].Age = 0;
            }

            VisibleParticleCount = 0;

        }

        protected override void OnUnload(EventArgs e)
        {
            GL.DeleteBuffers( 1, ref VBOHandle );
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Called when your window is resized. Set your viewport here. It is also
        /// a good place to set up your projection matrix (which probably changes
        /// along when the aspect ratio of your window).
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="e">Contains information on the new Width and Size of the GameWindow.</param>
        protected override void OnResize(EventArgs e)
        {
            GL.Viewport(0, 0, Width, Height);

            GL.MatrixMode(MatrixMode.Projection);
            Matrix4 p = Matrix4.Perspective(45.0f, Width / (float)Height, 0.1f, 50.0f);
            GL.LoadMatrix(ref p);

            GL.MatrixMode(MatrixMode.Modelview);
            Matrix4 mv = Matrix4.LookAt(Vector3.UnitZ, Vector3.Zero, Vector3.UnitY);
            GL.LoadMatrix(ref mv);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Called when it is time to setup the next frame. Add you game logic here.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="e">Contains timing information for framerate independent logic.</param>
        protected override void OnUpdateFrame( FrameEventArgs e )
        {
            if ( Keyboard[Key.Escape] )
            {
                Exit( );
            }

            // will update particles here. When using a Physics SDK, it's update rate is much higher than
            // the framerate and it would be a waste of cycles copying to the VBO more often than drawing it.
            if ( VisibleParticleCount < MaxParticleCount )
                VisibleParticleCount++;

            Vector3 temp;

            for ( int i = MaxParticleCount - VisibleParticleCount ; i < MaxParticleCount ; i++ )
            {
                if ( ParticleAttributes[i].Age >= MaxParticleCount )
                {
                    // reset particle
                    ParticleAttributes[i].Age = 0;
                    VBO[i].Position = Vector3.Zero;
                } else
                {
                    ParticleAttributes[i].Age++;
                    Vector3.Mult( ref ParticleAttributes[i].Direction, (float) e.Time, out temp );
                    Vector3.Add( ref VBO[i].Position, ref temp, out VBO[i].Position );
                }
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Called when it is time to render the next frame. Add your rendering code here.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="e">Contains timing information.</param>
        protected override void OnRenderFrame( FrameEventArgs e )
        {
            this.Title = VisibleParticleCount + " Points. FPS: " + string.Format( "{0:F}", 1.0 / e.Time );

            GL.Clear( ClearBufferMask.ColorBufferBit | ClearBufferMask.DepthBufferBit );

            GL.PushMatrix( );

            GL.Translate( 0f, 0f, -5f );

            // Tell OpenGL to discard old VBO when done drawing it and reserve memory _now_ for a new buffer.
            // without this, GL would wait until draw operations on old VBO are complete before writing to it
            GL.BufferData( BufferTarget.ArrayBuffer, (IntPtr) ( VertexC4ubV3f.SizeInBytes * MaxParticleCount ), IntPtr.Zero, BufferUsageHint.StreamDraw );
            // Fill newly allocated buffer
            GL.BufferData( BufferTarget.ArrayBuffer, (IntPtr) ( VertexC4ubV3f.SizeInBytes * MaxParticleCount ), VBO, BufferUsageHint.StreamDraw );
            // Only draw particles that are alive
            GL.DrawArrays( BeginMode.Points, MaxParticleCount - VisibleParticleCount, VisibleParticleCount );

            GL.PopMatrix( );

            SwapBuffers( );
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// The main entry point for the application.
        /// </summary>
        [STAThread]
        static void Main()
        {
            // The 'using' idiom guarantees proper resource cleanup.
            // We request 30 UpdateFrame events per second, and unlimited
            // RenderFrame events (as fast as the computer can handle).
            using (T09_VBO_Dynamic example = new T09_VBO_Dynamic())
            {
                // Get the title and category  of this example using reflection.
                ExampleAttribute info = ((ExampleAttribute)example.GetType().GetCustomAttributes(false)[0]);
                example.Title = String.Format("OpenTK | {0} {1}: {2}", info.Category, info.Difficulty, info.Title);
                example.Run(60.0, 0.0);
            }
        }
    }
}