Most of these are probably harmless, but the changes to SDL_immdevice.c and SDL_pixels.c appear to have fixed genuine bugs.
SDL_audiocvt.c: By separating the calculation of the divisor, I got rid of the suspicion that dividing a double by an integer led to loss of precision.
SDL_immdevice.c: Added a missing test, one that could have otherwise led to dereferencing a null pointer.
SDL_events.c, SDL_gamecontroller.c, SDL_joystick.c, SDL_malloc.c, SDL_video.c: Made it clear the return values weren't used.
SDL_hidapi_shield.c: The size is zero, so nothing bad would have happened, but the SDL_memset() was still being given an address outside of the array's range.
SDL_dinputjoystick.c: Initialize local data, just in case IDirectInputDevice8_GetProperty() isn't guaranteed to write to it.
SDL_render_sw.c: drawstate.viewport could be null (as seen on line 691).
SDL.c: SDL_MostSignificantBitIndex32() could return -1, though I don't know if you want to cope with that (what I did) or SDL_assert() that it can't happen.
SDL_hints.c: Replaced boolean tests on pointer values with comparisons to NULL.
SDL_pixels.c: Looks like the switch is genuinely missing a break!
SDL_rect_impl.h: The MacOS static checker pointed out issues with the X comparisons that were handled by assertions; I added assertions for the Y comparisons.
SDL_yuv.c, SDL_windowskeyboard.c, SDL_windowswindow.c: Checked error-result returns.
